Saturday, August 13, 2011

CSS Syntax

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:

The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.

Each declaration consists of a property and a value.

The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

CSS Example

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets:

p {color:red;text-align:center;}

To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this:

Example

p

{

color:red;

text-align:center;

}

Try it yourself »

CSS Comments

Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.

A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this:

/*This is a comment*/

p

{

text-align:center;

/*This is another comment*/

color:black;

font-family:arial;

}

, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.
All browsers support CSS today.
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!

CSS Tutorial

CSS Example

body

{

background-color:#d0e4fe;

}

h1

{

color:orange;

text-align:center;

}

p

{

font-family:"Times New Roman";

font-size:20px;

}

Try it yourself »

Save a lot of work with CSS!

In our CSS tutorial you will learn how to use CSS to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once.

Thursday, August 11, 2011

HTML Advanced: 11-HTML Summary

11-You Have Learned HTML, Now What?

HTML Summary

This tutorial has taught you how to use HTML to create your own web site.

HTML is the universal markup language for the Web. HTML lets you format text, add graphics, create links, input forms, frames and tables, etc., and save it all in a text file that any browser can read and display.

The key to HTML is the tags, which indicates what content is coming up.

For more information on HTML, please take a look at our HTML examples and our HTML reference.

Now You Know HTML, What's Next?

The next step is to learn XHTML and CSS.

XHTML

XHTML reformulates HTML 4.01 in XML.

If you want to learn more about XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial.

CSS

CSS is used to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once.

With CSS, all formatting can be removed from the HTML document and stored in a separate file.

CSS gives you total control of the layout, without messing up the document content.

To learn how to create style sheets, please visit our CSS tutorial.

HTML Advanced: 10- HTML Web Server

10-HTML Web Server

To make your web site visible to the world, you'll have to store it on a web server.

Hosting your own Web site

Hosting your web site on your own server is always an option. Here are some points to consider:

Hardware Expenses

To run a "real" web site, you will have to buy some powerful server hardware. Don't expect that a low cost PC will do the job. You will also need a permanent (24 hours a day ) high-speed connection.

Software Expenses

Remember that server-licenses often are higher than client-licenses. Also note that server-licenses might have limits on number of users.

Labor Expenses

Don't expect low labor expenses. You have to install your own hardware and software. You also have to deal with bugs and viruses, and keep your server constantly running in an environment where "everything could happen".

Using an Internet Service Provider

Renting a server from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a common option.
Most small companies store their web site on a server provided by an ISP. Here are some advantages:

Connection Speed

Most ISPs have very fast connections to the Internet.

Powerful Hardware

ISPs often have powerful web servers that can be shared by several companies. You can also expect them to have an effective load balancing, and necessary backup servers.

Security and Stability

ISPs are specialists on web hosting. Expect their servers to have more than 99% up time, the latest software patches, and the best virus protection.

Things to Consider with an ISP

24-hour support

Make sure your ISP offers 24-hours support. Don't put yourself in a situation where you cannot fix critical problems without having to wait until the next working day. Toll-free phone could be vital if you don't want to pay for long distance calls.

Daily Backup

Make sure your ISP runs a daily backup routine, otherwise you may lose some valuable data.

Traffic Volume

Study the ISP's traffic volume restrictions. Make sure that you don't have to pay a fortune for unexpected high traffic if your web site becomes popular.

Bandwidth or Content Restrictions

Study the ISP's bandwidth and content restrictions. If you plan to publish pictures or broadcast video or sound, make sure that you can.

E-mail Capabilities

Make sure your ISP supports the e-mail capabilities you need.

Database Access

If you plan to use data from databases on your web site, make sure your ISP supports the database access you need.

HTML Advanced: 9-HTML URL Encoding

9-HTML URL Encoding

URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.

The URL is the address of a web page, like: http://www.nahdacenter.blogspot.com

URL Encoding

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.

Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format.

URL encoding replaces non ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits.

URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.

Try It Yourself

If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.

Try some other input and click Submit again.

URL Encoding Examples

Character	URL-encoding
€	%80
£	%A3
©	%A9
®	%AE
À	%C0
Á	%C1
Â	%C2
Ã	%C3
Ä	%C4
Å	%C5

HTML Advanced: 8-HTML Uniform Resource Locators

8-HTML Uniform Resource Locators

A URL is another word for a web address.

A URL can be composed of words, such as "w3schools.com", or an Internet Protocol (IP) address: 192.68.20.50. Most people enter the name of the website when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

When you click on a link in an HTML page, an underlying <a> tag points to an address on the world wide web.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the world wide web.

scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename

Explanation:

scheme - defines the type of Internet service. The most common type is http
host - defines the domain host (the default host for http is www)
domain - defines the Internet domain name, like w3schools.com
:port - defines the port number at the host (the default port number for http is 80)
path - defines a path at the server (If omitted, the document must be stored at the root directory of the web site)
filename - defines the name of a document/resource

Common URL Schemes

The table below lists some common schemes:

Scheme	Short for....	Which pages will the scheme be used for...
http	HyperText Transfer Protocol	Common web pages starts with http://. Not encrypted
https	Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol	Secure web pages. All information exchanged are encrypted
ftp	File Transfer Protocol	For downloading or uploading files to a website. Useful for domain maintenance
file		A file on your computer

Pages

Saturday, August 13, 2011

3-CSS Syntax

3-CSS Syntax

CSS Syntax

CSS Example

Example

CSS Comments